Ipaeyarun ti OvaHerero ati Nama - Awọn aaye Resistance ati Iranti – Jẹmánì | Namibia | USA
Tiwon-ajo
Kavemuii ati Manal Murangi, Jephta Uaravaera Nguherimo, Anke Schwarzer, 2024
Láti 1884 sí 1915, Ilẹ̀ Ọba Jámánì jẹ́ agbára ìṣàkóso ní ohun tí a ń pè ní Namibia nísinsìnyí. Lati ibẹrẹ, awọn oriṣiriṣi awọn ẹgbẹ olugbe ni awọn aaye oriṣiriṣi ja lodi si imunisin ati imugboroja ti awọn agbegbe, lakoko ti awọn miiran gbiyanju lati wa si awọn ofin pẹlu agbara amunisin. Ni Oṣu Kini ọdun 1904, awọn ẹgbẹ OvaHerero ati OvaMbanderu gbeja ara wọn ati kọju ija jija ilẹ ati ẹran-ọsin bakanna bi iṣakoso ẹlẹyamẹya ati idajọ. Wọn ja ọpọlọpọ awọn oko atipo, ti o pa ni ayika awọn ọkunrin Germani 140, ṣugbọn o funni ni aye ailewu si awọn obinrin ati awọn ọmọde. Wọn tun kọlu awọn amayederun amunisin ati run awọn ohun elo oju-irin ati awọn ọpá teligirafu.
Gomina ati olori-ogun Lothar von Trotha paṣẹ fun iparun ti OvaHerero ni Oṣu Kẹwa 1904 ati ni Oṣu Kẹrin ọdun 1905 ti Nama, ti o tun darapọ mọ resistance ni opin 1904. Ko si awọn iṣiro gangan, ṣugbọn awọn iṣiro Konsafetifu daba pe o to 80 ogorun ti OvaHerero ati nipa idaji awọn Nama ti pa Nama. Ilẹ wọn ti gba nipasẹ iṣakoso ileto ati lẹhinna ta fun awọn atipo German. Ni asiko yii, awọn ọmọ ogun ileto ilu Jamani tun ṣe awọn ipakupa ati awọn iwa ika si ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun San ati Damara.
Hamburg jẹ ati pe o ni ibatan pẹkipẹki pẹlu ipaeyarun yii: Awọn ile-iṣẹ Hamburg ati awọn banki ṣe idoko-owo ni ikogun ti ileto ati jere lati ileto. Titi di oni, ilu naa bu ọla fun awọn ọdaràn amunisin. Ni akoko kanna, awọn eniyan wa ti o pinnu lati wa ni ibamu pẹlu awọn ti o ti kọja, si idariji ati atunṣe, ti wọn n ja fun aṣa ti o ni ọla ti iranti. Nkan yii ṣajọpọ diẹ ninu awọn aaye pataki wọnyi, awọn ipilẹṣẹ ati awọn iṣẹlẹ ni Namibia, Hamburg ati AMẸRIKA.
References:
Katjivena, Uazuvara Ewald: Mama Penee: Transcending the Genocide, 2020.
Kößler, Reinhart: Namibia and Germany. Negotiating the Past, 2015.
Nguherimo, Jephta U.: unBuried-unMarked: The unTold Namibian Story of the Genocide of 1904-1908: Pieces and Pains of the Struggle for Justice, 2019.
Schwarzer, Anke: [De]colonial memory practices in Germany’s public urban space. In: Capdepón, Ulrike / Dornhof, Sarah (Eds.): Contested Memory in Urban Space. Materiality, Traces and Monuments in Global Contexts, 2022.
Todzi, Kim Sebastian: Unternehmen Weltaneignung. Der Woermann-Konzern und der deutsche Kolonialismus, 1837-1916, 2023.
Zimmerer, Jürgen / Zeller, Joachim (Eds.): Genocide in German South-West Africa: The Colonial War of 1904–1908 and Its Aftermath, 2008
Links:
OvaHerero/Mbanderu and Nama Genocides Institute – ONGI
OvaHerero People’s Memorial and Reconstruction Foundation (OPMRF)
Stationen
Aaye iranti? Ko si orire!
Dekoloniale intervention ni St Michaelis
Ṣii lẹta si ilu Hamburg
Eniyan ku ni Ile ọnọ
Apology ni Kaiseraal
Ibi ìbí Inajovandu
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Aaye isinku Kahimemua
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