Awọn oniṣowo Hamburg ni iṣowo saltpeter

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Awọn oniṣowo Hamburg ni iṣowo saltpeter – Jẹmánì | Chile

Tiwon-ajo

Afara fireemu ogiri tuntun pẹlu Ballin ati Ile Chile

Claudia Chavez de Lederbogen, ọdun 2024

Iṣowo ti o ni ere ni saltpeter bẹrẹ fun awọn oniṣowo Hamburg ni ibẹrẹ awọn ọdun 1880. Wọn tun ṣe alabapin ninu iwakusa nkan ti o wa ni erupe ile. Aṣálẹ Atacama ti o wa ninu awọn ohun idogo nla ti saltpeter, nkan ti o wa ni erupe ile ti o ni iṣuu soda ati potasiomu iyọ. O dara bi ajile ati fun iṣelọpọ ti etu ibon ati awọn ibẹjadi.

Ṣaaju ọdun 1879, aginju Atacama ariwa jẹ ti Bolivia ati Perú. Awọn orilẹ-ede mejeeji ti funni ni awọn iwe-aṣẹ si awọn ile-iṣẹ Ilu Gẹẹsi ati Jamani fun iwakusa saltpeter lati awọn ọdun 1850 ati pe wọn n tiraka fun iṣelọpọ iyọda ti ijọba ti ijọba. Chile, ni ida keji, lepa awọn eto imulo ominira pupọ. Nigba ti Perú ni orilẹ-ede pupọ ni ile-iṣẹ saltpeter ati tẹnumọ lori anikanjọpọn iṣowo fun saltpeter, ati Bolivia tun pọ si awọn idiyele ọja okeere lori saltpeter, “Ogun Saltpeter” jade laarin awọn orilẹ-ede mẹta lati 1879 si 1884. O yori si idaduro ti awọn agbegbe saltpeter Peruvian ti Arica ati Tarapacá si Chile ni ọdun 1883. Bolivia padanu iwọle si okun.

Bayi Chile di olupilẹṣẹ asiwaju agbaye ti saltpeter ati ọpọlọpọ awọn oniṣowo Hamburg tun gbe iṣowo wọn pada sibẹ lẹhin iṣowo ni awọn ipese guano ti o fẹrẹrẹ lati Perú ko mu awọn ere ti o fẹ wọle.

Weblink: https://chavez.lederbogen.com

References:

Chávez, Christine (Hrsg.): Weißes Wüstengold. Chile-Salpeter und Hamburg. Museum am Rothenbaum - Kulturen und Künste der Welt, 2024.

Cisneros, Renato: „Lamento Boliviano“: Lee la columna Renato Cisneros sobre su última visita a La Paz. El Comercio, 04.08.2024.

Dettmann, Arne: Chiles Salpeter: Handel und Krieg, 2014.

Forbes, Ian L.D.: German informal Imperialism in South America before 1914. The Economic History Review 31 (3), 1978.

Gonzalez Miranda, Sergio: Peruvian and chilean nitrate politics. From the state monopoly to economic freedom? (1873 - 1884). Cuadernos de Historia 38, 2013.

González Pizarro, José Antonio; Lufin Varas, Marcelo, Galeno Ibaceta, Claudio: Los alemanes en el desierto de Atacama en el siglo XX. Empresarios, comerciantes y educadores. Historia 369 (1), 2019.

Jansen, Ewald: Ursachen und Folgen des Salpeterkrieges unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der britischen Interessen, 1984.

Kresse, Walter: Die Fahrtgebiete der Hamburger Handelsflotte 1824 - 1888. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1972.

Memoria Chilena: La industria del salitre en Chile (1880 - 1930). Salitreras de la provincia de Antofogasta, 2024. https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-92937.html

Museo Mineralógico: Salitre Antiguo, 2014.

Noack, David X.: Der Salpeterkrieg und der aktuelle Konflikt um das „Triangulo terrestre“. Chile und Peru streiten um eine Grenzziehung, die aus dem über 130 Jahre zurückliegenden Konflikt resultiert. Amerika 21. Nachrichten und Analysen aus Lateinamerika, 2016.

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The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++