Virendranath Chattopadhyaya [1880-1937] – EIndiya | eUnited Kingdom | EJamani | EBelgium | EFransi | eSweden | Rhashiya
Amabali obomi
UToby Housden, ngo-2024
Umboniso womguquli welizwe jikelele, uVirendranath Chattophadyaya, okanye 'iChatto', wanikela ubomi bakhe bonke ebudaleni kwinjongo yobuzwe baseIndiya kunye nokulwa nobukoloniyali baseBritane. Umdla wakhe wenguqu wamkhokelela kwizifundo zakhe eLondon kulo lonke elaseYurophu - ekhangela inkxaso kunye nabaphulaphuli abazimiseleyo kwiphulo lehlabathi elichasene neBritish Raj.
Indawo esembindini yeOdyssey yakhe yaseYurophu yayiyiBerlin. Apha waseka iKomiti yaseBerlin , eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba yiKomiti yeNkululeko yaseIndiya ( Indisches Unabhängigkeitskomite), umbutho owakha umfelandawonye neJamani ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ukunceda udushe lwaseIndiya.
Ngexesha kunye nasemva kwemfazwe evela kwiziseko zaseBerlin naseStockholm, uChatto waya kwiinkomfa kwaye wakha unxibelelwano lobuqu nabanye abantu abanobusoshiyali kunye nabachasene nobukhosi kunye namanani karhulumente, efumana inkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo kunye nentsebenziswano kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Weza neendawo ezithe qelele zobukoloniyali njengeSingapore, iConstantinople kunye neAfghanistan kuthungelwano lwehlabathi, esasaza inkohliso echasene neBhritane kwamanye amaIndiya agxothiweyo kwihlabathi liphela ngumkhosi kunye neemfuno zabasebenzi zobukumkani.
Ubomi bukaChatto bukhanyisa ukukhanya eBerlin njengendawo echasene ne-imperial hub kwaye bunika ukuqonda kubomi be-cosmopolitan revolution, benyanzelwa ukuba bafuduke ngenxa yokhuseleko lomntu kunye nenkonzo yesizathu esichasene nobukoloniyali. Kwangoko evuselelwe ngobukrelekrele kwaye wabeka ingozi enkulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wobomi, uChatto naye wafumana ukuphoxeka kwezopolitiko kunye neenguqu njengoko uhambo lwakhe lwenguquko lwamtsalela ngasekhohlo ngokwembono nakwimpuma ngokwesithuba. Njengoko ubuKomanisi bukhula emva kweNguqulelo yaseRashiya, wabona ekude ekhohlo njengokuphela komhlobo wenyaniso kwinjongo echasene nobukoloniyali. Wafudukela eMoscow, apho ekugqibeleni wayeza kudibana nesiphelo sakhe ezandleni zikaStalin, eshiya ngasemva ilifa elimangalisayo kwizangqa ezichasene ne-imperial.
Contact:
Toby Housden: tmehousden(at)gmail.com
References:
Barooah, Nirode K.: Chatto: The Life and Times of an Indian Anti-Imperialist in Europe, 2004.
Callahan, Kevin: “Performing inter-nationalism” in Stuttgart in 1907: French and German socialist nationalism and the political culture of an International Socialist Congress’, 2000.
Laursen, Ole Birk: Anti-Colonialism, Terrorism and the ‘Politics of Friendship’: Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and the European Anarchist Movement, 1910-1927, 2019.
Laursen, Ole Birk: The Hunt for Chatto W. Somerset Maugham, Revolutionary Reminiscences and the Fiction of Indian Nationalist Terrorism‘, The Anarchist Library, URL: https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/ole-birk-laursen-the-hunt-for-chatto, 2017 (last accessed 11.6.2024).
Lindener, Thomas: A City Against Empire: Transnational Anti-Imperialism in Mexico City, 1920-30, 2023.
Louro, Michele L.: Comrades against Imperialism: Nehru, India, and Interwar Internationalism, 2018.
Petersson, Frederik: Subversive Indian Networks in Berlin and Europe, 1914 – 1918. The History and Legacy of the Berlin Committee, 2014.
Stationen
Imibongo kunye nezopolitiko kwiNtsapho yaseHyderabadi (1880-1902)
Ukusuka kuMfundi ukuya kwiMtshantliziyo kwiZiko loBukhosi: eBritani (1902-1910)
Intlanganiso yeSocialism yaMazwe ngaMazwe: INkomfa yaseStuttgart ngo-1907
Abapapashi kunye neeAnarchists eParis (1910-1914)
IKomiti yaseBerlin, iZiko leSizwe lamaIndiya (ngoSeptemba 1915-Meyi 1917)
I-Swiss Gun Running kunye ne-Zurich Bomb Plot (ehlotyeni, ngo-1915)
I-Asylum, ukuKhatywa kunye nokuphazamiseka eStockholm (ngomhla we-12 kaMeyi 1917-Matshi 1921)
Emva eBerlin
I-League Against Imperialism kunye neNkomfa yaseBrussels (ngoFebruwari 1927)
Wabizelwa eRashiya (ngoAgasti 1932-Septemba 1937)