Umkhondo wobukoloniyali baseJamani eTshayina naseSamoa – China | Samoa | Jemani
Ukhenketho lwesixeko
UCharlotte Ming, ngo-2024
Olu khenketho lutyhila amagama ezitrato zobukoloniyali njengeKiautschoustraße, Pekingerplatz, kunye neSamoastraße eBerlin-Wedding, ukulandelela ilifa lobukoloniyali baseJamani eQingdao, eBeijing, naseApia.
Nangona yayihlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye ivalelwe ubukhulu becala, amabhongo aseJamani aseTshayina ayenempembelelo enkulu. Yakhawulezisa ukuwa koBukhosi baseTshayina yaza yabangela intshukumo yabafundi eyatshintsha indlela yaseTshayina.
Imiphumo yokucinezelwa kweZizwe eziManyeneyo eziSibhozo kwi-Yihetuan Movement (1900-1901) ikwahlala ibonakala kwiimyuziyam zaseJamani, apho kugcinwe khona inani elikhulu lezinto ezixabisekileyo ezaphangwa eTshayina.
Olu khenketho luza kuphonononga uqhakamshelwano phakathi kwemimandla yempembelelo yaseJamani eTshayina naseSamoa, kuphononongwa kuxhatshazo lwemithombo yobutyebi bendalo kunye nabasebenzi abaphantsi okuthe kwaphembelela iinzuzo zongxowankulu baseJamani.
References
Steinmetz, George: The Devil’s Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa, 2007.
Fenby, Jonathan: The Siege of Tsingtao, 2014.
Meleisea, Malama / Schoeffel, Penelope: Germany in Samoa: Before and After Colonisation. From the book: The Cultural Legacy of German Colonial Rule edited by Klaus Mühlhahn.
Zhu, Jianjun: Colonial Experience and Modern Chinese Nationalism: German Qingdao, 1897-1914 (monograph), 2010.
Leverenz, Niklas: From Berlin to Beijing, F.W.K. Müller and the Acquisition of Chinese Art in 1901, in: Monumenta Serica, Journal of Oriental Studies, 2008, pp 446-506.
Wu, Shellen: The Search for Coal in the Age of Empires - Ferdinand von Richthofen’s Odyssey in China, 1860-1920, in: The American Historical Review. 2004, pp. 339-363.
Kocvar, Jan: Germany and the Boxer Uprising, in: West Bohemian Historical Review. 2015, pp. 121-167.
Droessler, Holger: How Chinese Migrant Workers Resisted Coconut Colonialism in Samoa, Pacific Journal, T. A. (n.d.)., 2022, URL: https://apjjf.org/2022/17/Droessler.html (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Yijie, Zhu / Leutner, Mechthild: Nicht nur Kiautschou: eine (fast) vergessene Geschichte. Goethe-Institut, Zeitgeister. Das Institut des Goethe Journals, 2019, URL https://www.goethe.de/prj/zei/de/pos/21750527.html (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Ming, Charlotte Ye: Why German museums are scouring collections for looted Chinese artefacts, SCMP Magazine, 2024, URL: https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/3253649/how-german-museums-are-reassessing-their-imperial-chinese-treasures-worried-about-looted-boxer-war (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Noa, Ashalyna: Sāmoa and the Dragon’s long tail, Auckland War Memorial Museum Blog, 2014, URL: https://www.aucklandmuseum.com/discover/stories/blog/2014/samoa-and-the-dragons-long-tail (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Fok, Winnie: The Rise and Fall of Chinese Indentured Labour, The Gale Review, 2022, URL: https://review.gale.com/2022/09/13/the-rise-and-fall-of-chinese-indentured-labour/ (last accessed 3.6.2024).
The Silk Roads. Before and After Richthoften, The China Silk Museum, URL: https://www.chinasilkmuseum.com/yz/info_98.aspx?itemid=27887#:~:text=From%201868%20to%201872%2C%20Richthofen,Roads%E2%80%9D%20for%20the%20first%20time(last accessed 3.6.2024).
Spurensuche Kolonialer Sprengelkiez, Sprengelhaus, URL: https://demokratie.sprengelhaus-wedding.de/mehrwissen/spurensuche-2-0/ (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Ěrinnern: ein antirassistischer Audiowalk zur deutschen Kolonialgeschichte., Bildungsnetzwerk China, URL: https://bildungsnetzwerk-china.de/angebot/erinnern-der-audiowalk.html (last accessed 3.6.2024).
Stationen
Kiautschoustraße
Indlela yeJiaozhou
Indawo yokuhlala yaseJamani
ePekinger Platz
Humboldt Forum
IHolo yoBukhazikhazi obuMsobo
Samoastraße
Abasebenzi baseTshayina baseSamoa