Hamburg: Oro nipasẹ Peruvian Guano – Jẹmánì | Peru | Namibia
Tiwon-ajo
Claudia Chavez de Lederbogen, ọdun 2024
Ni ọrundun 19th, awọn ibatan iṣowo wa laarin Hamburg ati Perú, eyiti o di ominira ni ọdun 1821, eyiti o ṣe alabapin ni pataki si aisiki Hamburg. Guano aise ṣe ipa pataki kan. O jẹ ajile Organic ti a ṣe lati inu ẹgbin omi okun ti oorun ti gbẹ, awọn egungun ati awọn ẹyin. Àràádọ́ta ọ̀kẹ́ àwọn ẹyẹ ojú omi ń gbé ní àwọn erékùṣù guano kékeré tó sún mọ́ etíkun. Wọn rii ounjẹ wọn ni ọpọlọpọ ẹja ni Humboldt ti o tutu lọwọlọwọ. Ọrọ guano ( huanu ) wa lati ede Quechua ati pe o tumọ si "igbe" tabi "igbe".
O jẹ oluwakiri Alexander von Humboldt (1769 – 1859) ẹniti, lakoko igbaduro rẹ ni Perú ni ọdun 1802, fi awọn ayẹwo guano akọkọ ranṣẹ lati Awọn erekusu Chincha si Yuroopu fun itupalẹ. Iwadi na fihan pe wọn ni iye ti o ga julọ ti nitrogen, diẹ sii ju eyikeyi ajile ti a mọ titi di oni ni Yuroopu.
Iṣẹ iṣelọpọ ti Yuroopu, eyiti o bẹrẹ ni ọrundun 19th, nilo jijẹ eso-ogbin lati jẹ ifunni awọn eniyan ti n dagba ni awọn ilu. Awọn eroja ti guano Peruvian - potasiomu, nitrogen ati awọn iyọ irawọ owurọ - ni ibamu si idapọ ti a ṣe iṣeduro ti awọn aaye. Ibeere giga fun guano Peruvian ni iṣowo agbaye ti o bẹrẹ ni ọdun 1840 yori si idinku pipe ti awọn ifiṣura guano lori awọn erekusu mẹta ti o tobi julọ, Awọn erekusu Chincha, laarin ọdun mẹrin.
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Special Thanks:
Mein besonderer Dank gilt der Journalistin und Afro-peruanischen Autorin Lucía Charún-Illescas. Ohne ihre Vorarbeit in jahrelangen Recherchen zum Thema, ihrer Ideengebung und Initiative wäre das Projekt „Perú-Guano-Hamburg“ nicht zustande gekommen. Sie ist die Initiatorin.
References:
Charún-Illescas, Lucía / Chávez de Lederbogen, Claudia / Lederbogen, Jan: Peru Guano Hamburg. Wie die Hamburger Schiet zu Geld machten. Cómo los hamburgueses convirtieron el excremento en dinero, 2023.
Humboldt, Alexander von: Amerikanische Reise 1799 –1804, 2009.
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This article was written as part of the project ‘Digital mapping of Hamburg's colonial history’. The project is a co-operation between the Hamburg Historical Museums Foundation, the working group HAMBURG POSTKOLONIAL and the Berlin joint project ‘Decolonial Culture of Remembrance in the City’. It is funded by the Hamburg Ministry of Culture and Media and the German Federal Cultural Foundation.Coordination and editing: Anke Schwarzer, 2024
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