Abathengisi baseHamburg kurhwebo lwesalpeter

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Abathengisi baseHamburg kurhwebo lwesalpeter – EJamani | Tshile

Ukhenketho olunemixholo

Ibhulorho entsha esakhelo sodonga kunye neBallin kunye neChile House

UClaudia Chávez de Lederbogen, ngo-2024

Urhwebo olunengeniso kwisaltpeter lwaqala kubarhwebi baseHamburg ekuqaleni koo-1880. Bakwabandakanyeka ekwembeni izimbiwa. Intlango ye-Atacama iqulethe iidiphozithi ezinkulu ze-saltpeter, iminerali eyenziwe nge-sodium kunye ne-nitrate ye-potassium. Yayifanelekile njengesichumiso kunye nokuveliswa kwerhuluwa kunye neziqhushumbisi.

Ngaphambi kowe-1879, iNtlango iAtacama esemantla yayiyeyaseBolivia nasePeru. Omabini la mazwe aye anika iinkampani zaseBritane nezaseJamani iimvume zokwembiwa kwesalpeter ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1850s kwaye ayezamana nemveliso elawulwa ngurhulumente ye-salpeter. I-Chile, kwelinye icala, ilandele imigaqo-nkqubo ekhululekile kakhulu. Xa iPeru ubukhulu becala yenze ukuba ishishini le-saltpeter libe kwilizwe lakwamanye amazwe yaza yanyanzelisa ukuba kurhwebelwano lwe-saltpeter, kwaye iBolivia nayo yanyusa irhafu yokuthumela i-saltpeter, "iMfazwe ye-Saltpeter" yaqhambuka phakathi kwamazwe amathathu ukusuka kwi-1879 ukuya kwi-1884. Kwakhokelela ekuyekisweni kwemimandla ye-saltpeter yasePeru yase-Arica kunye neTarapacá ukuya eChile ngo-1883. IBolivia yaphulukana nokufikelela elwandle.

Ngaloo ndlela iChile yaba lilizwe eliphambili ekuveliseni i-saltpeter kwaye abarhwebi abaninzi baseHamburg bawafudusela amashishini abo apho emva kokurhweba ngeGuano ephantse yaphela imveliso evela ePeru ingasazisanga ngeniso babeyifuna.

Weblink: https://chavez.lederbogen.com

References:

Chávez, Christine (Hrsg.): Weißes Wüstengold. Chile-Salpeter und Hamburg. Museum am Rothenbaum - Kulturen und Künste der Welt, 2024.

Cisneros, Renato: „Lamento Boliviano“: Lee la columna Renato Cisneros sobre su última visita a La Paz. El Comercio, 04.08.2024.

Dettmann, Arne: Chiles Salpeter: Handel und Krieg, 2014.

Forbes, Ian L.D.: German informal Imperialism in South America before 1914. The Economic History Review 31 (3), 1978.

Gonzalez Miranda, Sergio: Peruvian and chilean nitrate politics. From the state monopoly to economic freedom? (1873 - 1884). Cuadernos de Historia 38, 2013.

González Pizarro, José Antonio; Lufin Varas, Marcelo, Galeno Ibaceta, Claudio: Los alemanes en el desierto de Atacama en el siglo XX. Empresarios, comerciantes y educadores. Historia 369 (1), 2019.

Jansen, Ewald: Ursachen und Folgen des Salpeterkrieges unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der britischen Interessen, 1984.

Kresse, Walter: Die Fahrtgebiete der Hamburger Handelsflotte 1824 - 1888. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Hamburgische Geschichte, 1972.

Memoria Chilena: La industria del salitre en Chile (1880 - 1930). Salitreras de la provincia de Antofogasta, 2024. https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-92937.html

Museo Mineralógico: Salitre Antiguo, 2014.

Noack, David X.: Der Salpeterkrieg und der aktuelle Konflikt um das „Triangulo terrestre“. Chile und Peru streiten um eine Grenzziehung, die aus dem über 130 Jahre zurückliegenden Konflikt resultiert. Amerika 21. Nachrichten und Analysen aus Lateinamerika, 2016.

Stationen

I-Vorwerk Gebr. & Co

Ibhloko yeFölsch eRathausmarkt

Ukumkani uWeber

Laeisz - umnini nqanawa kunye nomxhasi

UHenry Sloman kunye neNdlu yaseChile

Iimeko zokuhlala kunye nokusebenza kwi-saltpeter isebenza

Ukuchasa-Indyikitya yokufa yaseSanta María de Iquique

USaltpeter usebenza phantsi kolawulo lomkhosi

The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++