IHamburg: Ubutyebi ngeGuano yasePeru

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IHamburg: Ubutyebi ngeGuano yasePeru – EJamani | Peru | Namibhiya

Ukhenketho olunemixholo

Iinqanawa ezilinde ukusuka kwiZiqithi zaseChincha malunga ne-1863

UClaudia Chávez de Lederbogen, ngo-2024

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwakukho ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kweHamburg nePeru, eyathi yazimela ngowe-1821, nto leyo eyaba negalelo elibonakalayo ekuchumeni kweHamburg. I-guano ekrwada yadlala indima ekhethekileyo. Sisichumisi sendalo esenziwe ngelindle lentaka yaselwandle eyomiswe lilanga, amathambo kunye namaqokobhe amaqanda. Izigidi zeentaka zaselwandle zihlala kwiziqithi ezincinci ze-guano ezikufutshane nonxweme. Bafumana ukutya kwabo kwintabalala yeentlanzi kwi-Humboldt Current ebandayo. Igama elithi guano ( huanu ) lisuka kulwimi lwesiQuechua kwaye lithetha “ubulongwe” okanye “ubulongwe”.

Yayingumhloli uAlexander von Humboldt (1769 - 1859) owathi, ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe ePeru ngo-1802, wathumela iisampulu zokuqala ze-guano ukusuka kwiZiqithi zaseChincha ukuya eYurophu ukuze zihlalutywe. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ziqulethe isixa esikhulu senitrogen, ngaphezu kwaso nasiphi na isichumisi esaziwayo eYurophu.

Ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kweYurophu, okwaqalisa ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwafuna isivuno esandisiweyo sezolimo ukuze kondliwe abantu abakhulayo ezixekweni. Izithako ze-guano yasePeruvia - i-potassium, i-nitrogen kunye neetyuwa ze-phosphorus - zihambelana nokucetyiswa kwamasimi. Imfuno ephezulu yeGuano yasePeru kurhwebo lwehlabathi eyaqala ngowe-1840 yakhokelela ekuphelisweni ngokupheleleyo koovimba be-guano kwiziqithi ezithathu ezinkulu, iZiqithi zaseChincha, kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amane.

Link:

chavez.lederbogen.com

Special Thanks:

Mein besonderer Dank gilt der Journalistin und Afro-peruanischen Autorin Lucía Charún-Illescas. Ohne ihre Vorarbeit in jahrelangen Recherchen zum Thema, ihrer Ideengebung und Initiative wäre das Projekt „Perú-Guano-Hamburg“ nicht zustande gekommen. Sie ist die Initiatorin.

References:

Charún-Illescas, Lucía / Chávez de Lederbogen, Claudia / Lederbogen, Jan: Peru Guano Hamburg. Wie die Hamburger Schiet zu Geld machten. Cómo los hamburgueses convirtieron el excremento en dinero, 2023.

Humboldt, Alexander von: Amerikanische Reise 1799 –1804, 2009.

Lederbogen, Jan: „Notizen zu Guano, Peru und Hamburg. Apuntes sobre Guano, Perú y Hamburgo“. Film, 2022.

This article was written as part of the project ‘Digital mapping of Hamburg's colonial history’. The project is a co-operation between the Hamburg Historical Museums Foundation, the working group HAMBURG POSTKOLONIAL and the Berlin joint project ‘Decolonial Culture of Remembrance in the City’. It is funded by the Hamburg Ministry of Culture and Media and the German Federal Cultural Foundation.Coordination and editing: Anke Schwarzer, 2024

Stationen

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Laeiszhof: Isakhiwo seofisi somgqugquzeli wemigodi ye-guano ePeru

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Imisebenzi yeGuano ye „Schietbarone“

UMARKO: Umfanekiso weplanga ovela kwisiqithi saseMacabí

I-Villa Mutzenbecher kunye ne-Guano Monopoly

I-Merck and Co.: inkampani yokurhweba, ibhanki yorhwebo, inkampani yezothutho kunye neplanti yokuvelisa izichumiso

Umbutho wamaKoloni ka-1849 eHamburg

IGuano yasePeru namhlanje

The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++ The five-year model project Dekoloniale Memory Culture in the City was completed in 2024 +++ The project website will therefore no longer be updated +++ A final publication on the project was published in September 2025 +++